which specific area in zambia usually has relief rainfall which specific area in zambia usually has relief rainfall

In the north, rain only falls from June to September in the range of 500 mm to 750 mm. Kalantary, C. (2010). GEOGRAPHY POINT GEOGRAPHY,HISTORY, MAPS AND GIS, EXPLORE THE WORLD OF GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY, AND MAPS AN EDUCATIONAL SITE ABOUT GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. Small earth dams are often constructed in dambos as a source of water and as fishponds. The highest rainfall is in the north (about 1200 . kcse resources If you've found the resources on this site useful please consider making a secure donation via PayPal to support the development of the site. It is widespread on the west coast of the United Kingdom due to the prevailing weather coming from that direction. What is Nigerias location and importance? As a result, rainfall totals of over 1,600 mm per year occur in the . The vegetation is adapted to it, particularly the grasses, and at that time of the year deciduous trees have lost most of their leaves and so usually do not suffer extensive damage. But Bangalore is in rain . What is the structure of the tropical rainforest? Relief rain. excessive high rainfall has acidic soils due to leaching, limiting crop production. Rough estimates of the percentage of the country covered as given below are for the original or natural state of the area before urbanisation and agriculture has modified it. Dry season May to October Winter. types of rainfall in zambia - medvetnaval.org 1.1 Zambia and REDD+ readiness 1 1.2 Activities under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate . How is a cold environment interdependent? Jamaica Case Study, How can the growth of tourism reduce the development gap? The site is self-funded and your support is really appreciated. When classified according to the rate of precipitation, rain can be divided into categories. As a result, rainfall is usually low on the leeward side of the mountain range and the area is said to be in a rain shadow. Peshawar is located at higher altitude than Quetta so moist winds easily reach their. necta csee chemistry past papers Please select which cookies you would like to keep switched on. Also falls at a shorter distance downwind of the ridge are called spillover, sometimes. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Quick NetOne, Telecel, Africom, And Econet Airtime Recharge, Advantages and Disadvantages of wood as a source of energy, Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydroelectricity, Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar energy, Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear power as a source of energy, Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural gas as a source of energy. Much of the economic, cultural and social life of the country is dominated by the onset and end of the rainy season, and the amount of rain it brings. kcse past papers Zambia also undertook a study which showed that the country has lost Its is believed the Khoisan people groups originated in East Africa and spread southwards around 150,000 years ago. This causes the air to expand and rise. What are the differences in global calorie intake and food supply? On the flat central African plateau the woodland is interspersed with dambos, grassy wetlands forming the headwaters and margins of rivers which may make up to 30% of the ecoregion and which increase biodiversity of the ecoregion. Where do volcanoes and earthquakes happen? None of the country is considered arid or to be desert. The dry season lasts 68 months, divided into the cool dry season or winter from April or May to August, followed by the hot dry season, September to November. The climate of the capital, Lusaka, is the same as that of the higher areas of central and southern Zambia, including Kafue National Park. Limestone Case Study Malham, The Yorkshire Dales. Copy. In Mambwe District, Eastern Province, nearly 300 families were displaced by floods in the first week of January, according to DMMU media reports, with Malambo constituency especially affected. Highland areas to the west receive the most annual rainfall compared to the low-lying areas in the east. This page was last edited on 6 September 2022, at 20:10. What are the causes of deforestation in the Amazon? The plan is concerned with both the development of gender-responsive actions in response to climate change and the capacity to implement such plans. [citation needed], Most rivers, lakes and swamps, except in the far south and south-west, are permanent. Flooding in some parts of Lusaka. National Parks of the country like the Luangwa National Park, Kafue National Park, etc., act as wildlife havens. The leeward side is sometimes known as a rain shadow area. In dambos (grasslands found in most of the country) and other marshes, soil water is available throughout the dry season, but they may be rather acidic. Relief rain. Types of Rainfall. The torrential rainfall and flooding could aggravate the already fragile food insecurity situation in Zambia. When the land warms up, it heats the air above it. Since 1960, there has been an average decrease in annual rainfall of 1.9 mm per decade. The climate of Zambia in Central and Southern Africa is definitely tropical modified by altitude (elevation). Small earth dams are often constructed in dambos as a source of water and as fishponds. Warm air is pushed up and over the terrain This ecoregion predominates in the wettest part of the country, across the northern part of both 'lobes' of the country . The situation could deteriorate in the days ahead, with Zambia expected to experience heavy rains, according to the countrys Meteorological Department, with the potential for flash floods in Mufumbwe, Kasempa, Kabwe, Lusaka, Siavonga, Gwembe and Chipata districts. It lies on plateau above 2000 m elevation, with grassland and shrubland dominating. Figure 1: Shows the study area (Zambia), marked green on the map of Africa. management effectiveness of the national protected areas system. [citation needed], Deciduous trees which lose leaves in the dry season to conserve water predominate over evergreens which have waxy leaf cuticles for the same purpose. How does geology affect the formation of river landforms? How can we increase the amount of food produced globally? All Rights Reserved. Climate information for Zambia including average temperature, rain and snowfall totals. Rainfall in Lusaka amounts to 850 mm (33.5 in) per year, with a maximum from December to February, when about 200 mm (8 in) of rain fall per month, while from May to October, it almost never rains. 2, though only 34 . Tours, Mozambique 70.5. To access more Ordinary level Geography topics go to Geography Notes Home. Zambia covers a total area of 752,612 km2 including borders, and lies between 8 and 18 south latitudes and longitudes 22 and 34 east. This page includes a chart with historical data for Zambia Average Precipitation. Copy. It Part of the industrial area flooded. In winter, there is much less rainfall in Ndola than in summer. csee review questions In Southern Africa, countries have recently experienced malaria epidemics following unusual rainfall. How do changes affect the balance of an ecosystem? Best Answer. Stage 2. Figure 5 Extent of Desertification in Zambia Figure 6 Annual Rainfall (mm) per Province Figure 7 Maize production (kg) from 1987 to 1999 . Annual maize production in Zambia was on average 1.1 Mt in the period 2000 to 2010, and average yields of about 1.5 t/ha that have not significantly changed over the past 20 years. Whirlwinds are very common but not usually destructive. Last year, the district recorded a 98 per cent reduction in maize production, compared to 2018 and the five-year average. [citation needed], The highest rainfall is in the north, especially the north-west and the north-east, decreasing towards the south; the driest areas are in the far south west and the Luangwa River and middle Zambezi River valleys, parts of which are considered semi-arid. What are shanty town improvement schemes? Almera in Spain: a large-scale agricultural development, Sustainable Food Supplies in an LIC Bangladesh. western areas. civics Month. The climate of Zambia in Central and Southern Africa is definitely tropical modified by altitude (elevation). Heavily Indebted Poor C ountry (HIPC), Zambia has recently qualified for debt relief under the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI). Much of the economic, cultural and social life of the country is dominated by the onset and end of the rainy season, and the amount of rain it brings. While these costly relief efforts have been perceived as a necessity, such short-term interventions have generally precluded support for longer-term development processes, particularly in those areas with dry climate conditions. Rainfall amount is the most important determinant of the type and distribution of ecoregions. If you've found the resources on this page useful please consider making a secure donation via PayPal to support the development of the site. What are Mumbais social and economic opportunities? How did the temperate deciduous woodland get like this? The main impact pathway of climate change in the country is through increasing variability in rainfall amounts during the agricultural season across the various agroecological regions, and shifts in the duration of the rainy season. What is the difference between a tornado and a hurricane? Together with their associated rivers, the WWF categorises these freshwater ecoregions in Zambia: Zambezi Basin made up of (not shown on the map): On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Zambias GDP growth rate by 0.4 percentage points per year, which costs the country US$4.3 billion over a 10-year period. How has the vegetation in the temperate deciduous forest adapted to the climate? The downwind or leeward slope receives a small amount of rainfall in comparison. February 12, 2018. "The government of Zambia has an interest in maize, that's why they go in . [14] Zambia is considered vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because the majority of the population rely on agriculture for their livelihoods - and changes in rainfall patterns has a negative impact due to the rainfed nature of production. Peshawar is a rain fed area and gets western depression rain in winter and also receives rain from monsoon in summer. A total of 98 deaths occurred during October 4, 2017-May 12, 2018, in Lusaka; 40 (41%) deaths were reported by cholera treatment centers (CTCs), and 58 (59%) deaths occurred in the community. In neighbouring Lumezi District, around 60 families had to leave their houses. The distinction between rainy and dry seasons is marked with no rain at all falling in June, July and August. Since the beginning of January, following the first floods in Mambwe and Lumezi, the DMMU has been distributing food, tents and water treatment chemicals for the affected population. How is urban planning improving the quality of life for the urban poor in Rio de Janeiro? There are two main seasons: the rainy season (November to April) corresponding to summer, and the dry season (May to October/November), corresponding to winter. As the air descends, it warms, meaning it can carry water moisture, so there is little rain on this side of the mountain. The Zambia Meteorological Department has warned of more flash floods and heavy fall in North-western, Central, Copperbelt and Lusaka Provinces. Relief rainfall occurs very frequently near mountains beside the sea. Of late, droughts have been crippling the nation and have contributed to the already low life-expectancy GEOLOGY, RELIEF AND DRAINAGE Fig 2.1a page 26 . What is the Demographic Transition Model? The average temperature in Zambia in the summer season is 30C and in the winter (colder season) it can get as low as 5C. Coastal Environments CPD Erosional Landforms, Coastal Management and Fieldwork on the Holderness Coast, Coastal Environments CPD Erosional Erosion, Coastal Management, Deposition and Fieldwork on the Holderness Coast, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Internet Geography Plus Terms and Conditions. all form four past paper For animals, adaptations to drought are seen in migration and breeding patterns, as well as the ability, found in rodents and reptiles especially, to obtain water requirements from food without the need to drink. As the air moves over the mountain range and starts to descend, it warms. Water quality and pollution management in the UK. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. In addition, dambos (grasslands which become marshy in the rainy season) are prevalent in most of the country and water is usually available in them from springs or shallow wells. Researched evidence suggested that temperature was likely to increase by 1.82oC and rainfall reduce by 0.87 percentage points by 2050. landforms. The numbers relate to the location labels on the map. Relief rain usually occurs along coastal areas where a line of hills runs along the . When it cools to the dew point, clouds form and rain follows.This usually occurs on flat land.This type of rainfall often causes summer showers and thunderstorms.. There are three main types of rainfall which occur very frequently in the world and depend on a variety of factors. . Cultivated maize area has been on average 700,000 ha between 1987 and 2007, with largest area of 900,000 ha in 2008. What problems are caused by global warming? As the air rises, it cools, condenses and forms rain. . How has demand for water in the UK changed? This area is known as a rain shadow. This indicates that groundwater in Zambia usually has very low concentrations of dissolved constituents (total dissolved solids concentrations are typically less than 200 mg/l). The climate of the lower-lying South Luangwa and Lower Zambezi National Parks is considerably hotter: temperatures rise by about 6C for every 1,000m you descend (or 3.5F per 1,000ft). Convectional rainfall occur for very short duration but occur in form of heavy showers. Black soils of floodplains are fertile, grasses grow on them as soon as the annual flood recedes and provide a rich resource for herbivores. Plants susceptible to frost do not grow in the southern half of the country. [5][citation needed]. Tours, Kenya "Rather than assuming more rain in general, society needs to take measures to deal with little change most of the time, and a handful of events with much more rain," she and Knutti wrote last . Three climate regions are recognized based on rainfall dynamics and vegetation: Region 1: Tropical savannas covering the country's major valleys, including the driest areas of Zambia, with annual rainfall below 600 mm. The . Thus they produce a Rain shadow area. In some years, it moves south of Zambia, leading to a "little dry season" in the north of the country for three or four weeks in December. Heavy rainfall has driven flash and riverine flooding in Zambia, including in areas previously impacted A The continent is made up of very old Flat maps represent relief in a variety of ways. The moisture in the warm air condenses as it cools which causes clouds and rain. 17 Western and north-western India recorded more malaria cases with higher rainfall during La . Zambia, landlocked country in south-central Africa. There are three main types of rainfall, convectional rainfall, relief rainfall and frontal rainfall. Agriculture, fishery and forestry, which account for 20 per cent of Zambian GDP, shrunk by 2.6 per cent in 2001. Frost only occurs on a few days in winter on the highest exposed hills, or more widely in the lower humidity areas of the southern half of the country. These losses reach as high as US$7.1 billion under Zambias worst rainfall scenario. Dr. Roland Bumle (BGR) Dr. Christoph Neukum (BGR) Jack Nkhoma (DWA) Oscar Silembo (DWA) Commissioned by: Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and [15] This means that the occurrence of extreme climate events such as droughts and floods would become more frequent. Plants, animals and people have evolved to this cycle which in Zambia has been fairly reliable, and it brings a number of ecological advantages which promote biodiversity. Water levels have risen dramatically with some parts of the country receiving a seasons worth of rain in just a matter of weeks. As the air rises, it cools, condenses and forms rain. Once over the top of the mountain the air will usually drop down the other side, warming as it does so. By clicking Accept you agree that we use Analytical cookies for gathering information about how our This rain flows into rivers and streams and these rivers and streams bring the water back to the sea where the cycle begins again. Rainfall is the amount of water falling in rain, snow, etc., within a given time and area, usually expressed as a hypothetical depth of coverage. this is a type of rainfall that occurs when air has blown over the sea and is then being forced up over an area of high land. The highest rainfall is in the north, especially the north-west and the north-east, decreasing towards the south; the driest areas are in the far south west and the Luangwa River and middle Zambezi River valleys, parts of which are considered semi-arid. This ecoregion is made up of grassland and shrubland, with a great variety of orchids and wildflowers on exposed hills, with forest in narrow valleys and small depressions. There is no significantly discernable trend in the frequency of heavy rainfall events in recent years (McSweeney et al, 2010). Relief(or Orographic) rainfall occurs in areas with mountains The country does not suffer tornadoes or cyclones of widespread destructive force. The role of termites in building mounds which remain above most of the flood is important as this provides habitats for plants less tolerant of getting waterlogged, as well as safe breeding sites for birds and some animals. Farmers in the east and south of In January the ITCZ is in its southernmost Historically, Zambia has been prone to extreme rainfall events resulting in widespread flooding. Around 70% of the Zambian thicket has been lost to land clearing and at the present rate the rest will vanish within 20 years. Heavy rainfall has caused floods in Zambia, displacing hundreds of people and destroying crops in an area already experiencing a shortage of food. This area is called the rain shadow. Grasses and some other herbaceous plants dry up above ground but regenerate quickly with the onset of rains from roots and tubers, etc. How have animals adapted to the rainforest environment? The process starts when the sun heats the ground. Convection makes the air rise and cool. A case study of a sparsely populated area Himalayan Mountains, A case study of a densely populated area Greater London. The River Tees landforms of erosion and deposition, Case Study Ganges/Brahmaputra River Basin, Geological time is on a different time to human time, Different rocks create contrasting landforms and landscapes. Zambia experiences good rainfall, with extremes of 500 to 1400mm (most areas fall into the range 700 to ) in a distinct rainy season of four to six months centred on January, when the moist intertropical convergence zone is over the country. kcse revision notes Because such fires happen annually, there is no great buildup of dry fuel in the bush, and so the fires are not usually devastating. In Barotseland, people move with their livestock, grazing them on the Barotse Floodplain in the dry season and moving to higher ground at the margins during the rainy season. Before the floods, more than 2.3 million people were expected to be severely food . The rains are brought by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and are characterised by thunderstorms, occasionally severe, with much lightning and sometimes hail. PRACTICAL GEOGRAPHY The Southern and Eastern areas have most of the highest areas of the continent (900-1200m). The average number of hot days1 and hot nights per year in Zambia have increased while the This is restricted to the highest exposed hills, or more widely in the lower humidity areas of the southernmost parts of the country. Kalahari Sands in the south-west of the country are infertile and do not retain moisture, so are dominated mostly by deep-rooted trees with little growth in the understorey. Relief rainfall is formed when the aircools as it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. The hot surface heats up the air near it causing it to rise. Zambia is divided into three agro-ecological zones with distinct mean annual rainfall, ranging from 600mm to 1200mm. Zambia. and 1,000 B.C. On the plateau (covering about 80% of the country) mean minimums for June in the cool dry season are in the range 612C, mean maximums for October, the hot dry season are 2835C. Zambia - Zambia - Climate: Although Zambia lies within the tropics, its climate is modified by the altitude of the country and is generally favourable to human settlement and comfort. Open a list of all cookies, Below you can decide which type of cookies you would like to keep switched on. Gwembe and Siavonga districts in the south are amongst the hardest-hit by the recent rains, while Mambwe and Lumezi districts in the east, as well as the countrys capital, Lusaka, faced flash floods earlier in January. They may kill animals, and damage crops if the rains end early and fires happen before harvest. How reliable are economic indicators of development? How does food insecurity affect the environment? What challenges are associated with the growth of Rio? Sustainable development in the Temperate Deciduous Woodland. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY h) Rainfall falls mainly over a short period of time, about 15 - 20 minutes. Rainfall. For example, with both mountains and valleys in the area, the local relief of Yosemite National Park is impressive. Waterspouts can be seen over lakes. If this process continues then rain will fall. When the land warms up, it heats the air above it. The modifying influence of altitude gives the country pleasant subtropical weather rather than tropical conditions for most of the year. Frontal rainfall. As a result, rainfall totals of over 1,600 mm per year occur in the west of the UK. Flooding in some parts of Lusaka. You can expect rain for roughly half of the month of November in Zambia. What are the different types of weathering? Projected Weather and Climate. In some years, it moves south of Zambia, leading to a "little dry season" in the north of the country for three or four weeks in December. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); ACSEE REVIEW QUESTIONS For this answer typeHow does Frontal Rainfall occurs?Miissmeg. Except for those living in areas of permanent freshwater, animals are adapted to the long dry season, as seen in migration and breeding patterns. proposed in areas not yet severely affected by land degradation and drought. Flash floods after unusually heavy rain cause damage when they occur in places that do not experience annual floods. Landforms in the middle course of a river. Second, the near bisection of the continent by the Equator results in a largely symmetrical arrangement of climatic zones on either side. . SPACE DYNAMICS AND CLIMATOLOGY Noting a map's author is important because the cartographer's perspective will be reflected in . Crops are frequently damaged by flooding and hail. How is urban planning improving the quality of life for the urban poor in Mumbai? Climate change in Zambia: Impacts and adaptation. Can the risks of volcanic eruptions be reduced? Rainfall is the amount of water falling in rain, snow, etc., within a given time and area, usually expressed as a hypothetical depth of coverage. Otherwise temperature by itself is not a great determinant of plant and animal distribution. She writes for national newspapers, magazines, Rough Guides and Lonely Planet. Stage 1. Earlier this month, heavy rains left the Chipata Level One Hospital in the capital, Lusaka, completely flooded, leading to the evacuation of some patients. necta chemistry past papers Changes in rainfall and other forms of precipitation will be one of the most critical factors determining the overall impact of climate change.Rainfall is much more difficult to predict than . Convectional Rainfall. Over most of South Africa, there is a definite rainfall pattern with rainfall increasing from west to east. Rainfall 800-1000 mm, and the growing season is 100-140 days long. Relief: An illustration of the process of soil formation. - Temperature: the mean temperature is predicted to increase in Zambia with a greater frequency of 'Hot' days1 and nights and very few 'Cold'2 days or nights - Rainfall: changes in rainfall are less certain, but rainfall is expected to increase in the rainy season and the winter is expect to be even drier. The African plateau is underlain primarily by Precambrian rock that dates back to more than 600 years. What are the economic and environmental issues of energy production? [citation needed], Flooding is an annual event on floodplains, to which people and wildlife are adapted. (4) J2002 Thirsty animals crowd around the waterholes and rivers to drink. In the Kppen climate classification, most of the country is classified as humid subtropical or tropical wet and dry, with small patches of semi-arid steppe climate in the south-west. Humanitarian organizations were already providing life-saving assistance due to drought in some of the areas affected by the floods, especially in southern and western Zambia. Camerapix: "Spectrum Guide to Zambia." 6 2.1 Climate of Zambia . The flooding has destroyed crops, including maize, especially in Munyumbwe area in Gwembe District, according to the Governments Disaster Management and Mitigation Unit (DMMU). Relief Rainfall. An estimated total of 1,337 Ha of maize, 62 Ha of rice, 612 Ha of cassava and 8 . In the rainy season, winds are localised with thunderstorms and may be destructive but usually confined to small areas, such as blowing roofs off buildings. It comprises an almost impenetrable bush consisting of about a hundred plant species woven together so densely that it is virtually impossible to walk through. What challenges have been caused by urban growth in Mumbai? He holds an Honours in Accountancy degree from the University of Zimbabwe. Gwembe District was already facing Emergency (IPC Phase 4) levels of food insecurity due to the worst drought the country has seen since 1981. 15.099 Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. agriculture CAUSES OF SOIL EROSION IN THE TENNESSEE VALLEY REGION, Reasons why countries trade with one another, FACTORS INFLUENCING RAINFALL TYPE AND AMOUNT, IMPACT OF LIGHTING AND MEASURES TO COMBAT IT, UGANDA ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION GEOGRAPHY NOTES, UGANDA ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION SENIOR SIX GEOGRAPHY NOTES, Abundant supply of moisture through evaporation to air so that relative, Intense heating of the ground surface through incoming shortwave electromagnetic, There should be a mountain barrier across the wind direction, so that the moist air is forced on obstruction to move upward, There should be sufficient moisture in the air. Relief rainfall is when the warm moist air from the sea . It makes cumulonimbus clouds. It is situated on a high plateau and takes its name from the Zambezi River, which drains all but a small northern part of the country. Zambia has a sub-tropical climate that is tempered by its relatively high altitude, making it more temperate and pleasant than other sub-tropical areas. This low-pressure zone mostly lies over the Democratic Republic of . STUDY OF SOIL Why is the weather of the UK so changeable? Light rain describes rainfall which falls at a rate of between a trace and 2.5 millimetres (0.098 in) per hour. What factors influence the effects and response to tectonic activity?