what idea was espoused with the webster hayne debates what idea was espoused with the webster hayne debates

Religion and the Pure Principles of Morality: The American Anti-Slavery Society, Declaration of Sent Constitution of the American Anti-Slavery Society, Appeal to the Christian Women of the South, Protest in Illinois Legislature on Slavery. But the topic which became the leading feature of the whole debate and gave it an undying interest was that of nullification, in which Hayne and Webster came forth as chief antagonists. He describes fully that old state of things then existing. The Webster-Hayne debate laid out key issues faced by the Senate in the 1820s and 1830s. Are we in that condition still? Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Our Core Document Collection allows students to read history in the words of those who made it. The debate can be seen as a precursor to the debate that became . - Definition and Uses, Public Speaking: Assignment 1 - Informative Speech, Public Speaking: Assignment 3 - Special Occasion Speech, The Role of Probability Distributions, Random Numbers & the Computer in Simulations, The Monte Carlo Simulation: Scope & Common Applications, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, The methods by which the federal government earned its revenue, The federal government's surveying and selling of land west of the Mississippi River, The issue of slavery, which was beginning to divide the Northern and Southern states, The balance of power between federal and state governments. . That led into a debate on the economy, in which Webster attacked the institution of slavery and Hayne labeled the policy of protectionist tariffs as the consolidation of a strong central government, which he called the greatest of evils. Sir, I cordially respond to that appeal. If this is to become one great consolidated government, swallowing up the rights of the states, and the liberties of the citizen, riding and ruling over the plundered ploughman, and beggared yeomanry,[8] the Union will not be worth preserving. It was of a partizan and censorious character and drew nearly all the chief senators out. . . Hayne quotes from Thomas Jefferson to William Branch Giles, December 26, 1825, https://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/letter-to-william-branch-giles/?_sft_document_author=thomas-jefferson. No hanging over the abyss of disunion, no weighing of the chances, no doubting as to what the Constitution was worth, no placing of liberty before Union, but "liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable." This leads, sir, to the real and wide difference, in political opinion, between the honorable gentleman and myself. . Their own power over their own instrument remains. Prejudice Not Natural: The American Colonization "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? Correct answers: 2 question: Which of the following is the best definition of a hypothesis? For one, Hayne and Webster were arguing for the fate of the West and, in particular, whether the North or South would control western development. I spoke, sir, of the ordinance of 1787, which prohibited slavery, in all future times, northwest of the Ohio,[6] as a measure of great wisdom and foresight; and one which had been attended with highly beneficial and permanent consequences. . Sir, all our difficulties on this subject have arisen from interference from abroad, which has disturbed, and may again disturb, our domestic tranquility, just so far as to bring down punishment upon the heads of the unfortunate victims of a fanatical and mistaken humanity. South Carolinas Declaration of the Causes of Secession (1860), Jefferson Daviss Inaugural Address (1861), Documents in Detail: The Webster-Hayne Debates, Remarks in Congress on the Tariff of Abominations, Check out our collection of primary source readers. . Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you What was going on? President Andrew Jackson had just been elected, most of the states got rid of property requirements for voting, and an entire new era of democracy was being born. It is the servant of four-and-twenty masters, of different wills and different purposes, and yet bound to obey all. Sir, I should fear the rebuke of no intelligent gentleman of Kentucky, were I to ask whether, if such an ordinance could have been applied to his own state, while it yet was a wilderness, and before Boone had passed the gap of the Alleghany, he does not suppose it would have contributed to the ultimate greatness of that commonwealth? The War With Mexico: Speech in the United States H What Are the Colored People Doing for Themselves? The debaters were Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. [2] We deal in no abstractions. to expose them to the temptations inseparable from the direction and control of a fund which might be enlarged or diminished almost at pleasure, without imposing burthens upon the people? foote wanted to stop surveying lands until they could sell the ones already looked at The Webster-Hayne debate concluded with Webster's ringing endorsement of "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable." In contrast, Hayne espoused the radical states' rights doctrine of nullification, believing that a state could prevent a federal law from being enforced within its borders. The Destiny of America, Speech at the Dedication o An Address. The Hayne-Webster Debate was an unplanned series of speeches in the Senate, during which Robert Hayne of South Carolina interpreted the Constitution as little more than a treaty between sovereign states, and Daniel Webster expressed the concept of the United States as one nation. In our contemplation, Carolina and Ohio are parts of the same country; states, united under the same general government, having interests, common, associated, intermingled. Sheidley, Harlow W. "The Wester-Hayne Debate: Recasting New England's Sectionalism", Virginia and Kentucky resolutions of 179899, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WebsterHayne_debate&oldid=1135315190, This page was last edited on 23 January 2023, at 22:54. This seemed like an Eastern spasm of jealousy at the progress of the West. This will co-operate with the feelings of patriotism to induce a state to avoid any measures calculated to endanger that connection. . I have but one word more to add. Let their last feeble and lingering glance, rather behold the gorgeous Ensign of the Republic, now known and honored throughout the earth, still full high advanced, its arms and trophies streaming in their original luster, not a stripe erased or polluted, nor a single star obscuredbearing for its motto, no such miserable interrogatory as, what is all this worth? The Revelation on Celestial Marriage: Trouble Amon Hon. If slavery, as it now exists in this country, be an evil, we of the present day found it ready made to our hands. They will also better understand the debate's political context. Hayne was a great orator, filled with fiery passion and eloquent prose. Jackson himself would raise a national toast for 'the Union' later that year. It was not a Union to be torn up without bloodshed; for nerves and arteries were interwoven with its roots and tendrils, sustaining the lives and interests of twelve million inhabitants. This is the true constitutional consolidation. They have agreed, that certain specific powers shall be exercised by the federal government; but the moment that government steps beyond the limits of its charter, the right of the states to interpose for arresting the progress of the evil, and for maintaining within their respective limits the authorities, rights, and liberties, appertaining to them,[7] is as full and complete as it was before the Constitution was formed. succeed. . Gloomy and downcast of late, Massachusetts men walked the avenue as though the fife and drum were before them. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Hayne entered the U.S. Senate in 1823 and soon became prominent as a spokesman for the South and for the . . It would enable Congress and the Executive to exercise a control over states, as well as over great interests in the country, nay, even over corporations and individualsutterly destructive of the purity, and fatal to the duration of our institutions. . Now that was a good debate! . This absurdity (for it seems no less) arises from a misconception as to the origin of this government and its true character. The debate itself, a nine-day long unplanned exchange between Senators Robert Y. Hayne and Daniel Webster, directly addressed the methods by which the federal government was generating revenue, namely through protective tariffs and the selling of federal lands in the newly acquired western territories. . A state will be restrained by a sincere love of the Union. You see, to the south, the Constitution was essentially a treaty signed between sovereign states. The United States' democratic process was evolving and its leaders were putting the newly ratified Constitution into practice. T he Zionist-evangelical back story goes back several decades, with 90-year-old televangelist Pat Robertson being a prime case study.. One of the more notable "coincidences" or anomalies Winter Watch brings to your attention is the image of Robertson on the cover of Time magazine in 1986 back before the public was red pilled by the Internet -as the pastor posed with a gesture called . South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification 1832 | Crisis, Cause & Issues. Sir, the very chief end, the main design, for which the whole Constitution was framed and adopted, was to establish a government that should not be obliged to act through state agency, or depend on state opinion and state discretion. I must now beg to ask, sir, whence is this supposed right of the states derived?where do they find the power to interfere with the laws of the Union? Southern states advocated for strong, sovereign state governments, a small federal government, the western expansion of the agricultural economy, and with it, the maintenance of the institution of slavery. The Senate debates between Whig Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Democrat Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina in January 1830 started out as a disagreement over the sale of Western lands and turned into one of the most famous verbal contests in American history. Webster's argument that the constitution should stand as a powerful uniting force between the states rather than a treaty between sovereign states held as a key concept in America's ideas about the federal government. The debate was on. Address to the Slaves of the United States. . She has a BA in political science. Crittenden Compromise Plan & Reception | What was the Crittenden Compromise? . New England, the Union, and the Constitution in its integrity, all were triumphantly vindicated. Webster-Hayne Debate 1830, an unplanned series of speeches in the Senate, during which Robert Hayne of South Carolina interpreted the Constitution as little more than a treaty between sovereign states, and Daniel Webster expressed the concept of the United States as one nation. I admit that there is an ultimate violent remedy, above the Constitution, and in defiance of the Constitution, which may be resorted to, when a revolution is to be justified. . Create your account, 15 chapters | Union, of itself, is considered by the disciples of this school as hardly a good. Democratic Party Platform 1860 (Breckinridge Facti (Southern) Democratic Party Platform Committee. . What they said I believe; fully and sincerely believe, that the Union of the states is essential to the prosperity and safety of the states. They ordained such a government; they gave it the name of a Constitution, and therein they established a distribution of powers between this, their general government, and their several state governments. An error occurred trying to load this video. Nullification, Webster maintained, was a political absurdity. The Most Famous Senate Speech January 26, 1830 The debate began simply enough, centering on the seemingly prosaic subjects of tariff and public land policy. Regional Conflict in America: Debate Over States' Rights. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. . flashcard sets. . It was a great and salutary measure of prevention. - Women's Rights Facts & Significance, Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points: Definition, Speech & Summary, Fireside Chats: Definition & Significance, JFK's New Frontier: Definition, Speech & Program. Conversation-based seminars for collegial PD, one-day and multi-day seminars, graduate credit seminars (MA degree), online and in-person. Ah! Web hardcover $30.00 paperback $17.00 kindle nook book ibook. The discussion took a wide range, going back to topics that had agitated the country before the Constitution was formed. Speech on Assuming Office of the President. Hayne's few but zealous partizans shielded him still, and South Carolina spoke with pride of him. Is it the creature of the state legislatures, or the creature of the people? . Liberty has been to them the greatest of calamities, the heaviest of curses. The next day, however, Massachusetts senator Daniel Webster rose with his reply, and the northern states knew they had found their champion. The heated speeches were unplanned and stemmed from the debate over a resolution by Connecticut Senator Samuel A. . His speech was indeed a powerful one of its eloquence and personality. Northern states intended to strengthen the federal government, binding the states in the union under one supreme law, and eradicating the use of slave labor in the rapidly growing nation. . Far, indeed, in my wishes, very far distant be the day, when our associated and fraternal stripes shall be severed asunder, and when that happy constellation under which we have risen to so much renown, shall be broken up, and be seen sinking, star after star, into obscurity and night! . Most people of the time supported a small central government and strong state governments, so the federal government was much weaker than you might have expected. The speech is also known for the line Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable, which would subsequently become the state motto of North Dakota, appearing on the state seal. I'm imagining that your answer is probably 'I do.' These debates transformed into a national crisis when South Carolina threatened . What idea was espoused with the Webster-Hayne debates? . . . The debates between daniel webster of massachusetts and robert hayne of south carolina gave. . . . Rather, the debate eloquently captured the ideas and ideals of Northern and Southern representatives of the time, highlighting and summarizing the major issues of governance of the era. He remained a Southern Unionist through his long public career and a good type of the growing class of statesman devoted to slave interests who loved the Union as it was and doted upon its compromises. . Van Buren responded to the Panic of 1837 with the idea of the independent treasury, which was a. a system of depositing money in select independent banks Webster also tried to assert the importance of New England in the face of . . . In coming to the consideration of the next great question, what ought to be the future policy of the government in relation to the public lands? . Post-Civil War, as the nation rebuilt and reconciled the balance between federal and state government, federal law became the supreme law of the land, just as Webster desired. Webster spoke in favor of the proposed pause of federal surveyance of western land, representing the North's interest in selling the western land, which had already been surveyed. It is the common pretense. . It is not the creature of state Legislatures; nay, more, if the whole truth must be told, the people brought it into existence, established it, and have hitherto supported it, for the very purpose, amongst others, of imposing certain salutary restraints on state sovereignties. We see its consequences at this moment, and we shall never cease to see them, perhaps, while the Ohio shall flow. When, however, the gentleman proceeded to contrast the state of Ohio with Kentucky, to the disadvantage of the latter, I listened to him with regret. What a commentary on the wisdom, justice, and humanity, of the Southern slave owner is presented by the example of certain benevolent associations and charitable individuals elsewhere. They tell us, in the letter submitting the Constitution to the consideration of the country, that, in all our deliberations on this subject, we kept steadily in our view that which appears to us the greatest interest of every true Americanthe consolidation of our Unionin which is involved our prosperity, felicity, safety; perhaps our national existence. Assuredly not. I understand him to maintain an authority, on the part of the states, thus to interfere, for the purpose of correcting the exercise of power by the general government, of checking it, and of compelling it to conform to their opinion of the extent of its powers. God grant that on my vision never may be opened what lies behind. Francis O. J. Smith to Secretary of State Dan Special Message to the House of Representatives, Special Message to Congress on Mexican Relations. State governments were in control of their own affairs and expected little intervention from the federal government. . So what was this debate really about? Even Benton, whose connection with the debate made him at first belittle these grand utterances, soon felt the danger and repudiated the company of the nullifiers. Thirty years before the Civil War broke out, disunion appeared to be on the horizon with the Nullification Crisis. The measures of the federal government have, it is true, prostrated her interests, and will soon involve the whole South in irretrievable ruin. It was plenary then, and never having been surrendered, must be plenary now. We are ready to make up the issue with the gentleman, as to the influence of slavery on individual and national characteron the prosperity and greatness, either of the United States, or of particular states. In a time when the country was undergoing some drastic changes, this debate managed to encapsulate the essence of the growing tensions dividing the nation. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. . Sir, if we are, then vain will be our attempt to maintain the Constitution under which we sit. So they could finish selling the lands already surveyed. Connecticut's proposal was an attempt to slow the growth of the nation, control westward expansion, and bolster the federal government's revenue. The Webster-Hayne Debate between New Hampshire Senator Daniel Webster and South Carolina Senator Robert Young Hayne highlighted the sectional nature of the controversy. I know that there are some persons in the part of the country from which the honorable member comes, who habitually speak of the Union in terms of indifference, or even of disparagement. It is worth noting that in the course of the debate, on the very floor of the Senate, both Hayne and Webster raised the specter of civil war 30 years before it commenced. Nor shall I stop there. . The purpose of the Constitution was to permit cooperation between states under a shared political standard, but that meant that any growth in a federal government threatened the sovereignty of the states. The honorable member himself is not, I trust, and can never be, one of these. . The specific issue that sparked the Webster-Hayne debate was a proposal by the state of Connecticut which said that the federal government should halt its surveying of land west of the Mississippi and focus on selling the land it had already surveyed to private citizens. Judiciary Act of 1801 | Overview, History & Significance, General Ulysses S. Grant Takes Charge: His Strategic Plan for Ending the War. . I said, only, that it was highly wise and useful in legislating for the northwestern country, while it was yet a wilderness, to prohibit the introduction of slaves: and added, that I presumed, in the neighboring state of Kentucky, there was no reflecting and intelligent gentleman, who would doubt, that if the same prohibition had been extended, at the same early period, over that commonwealth, her strength and population would, at this day, have been far greater than they are. The theory that the states' may vote against unfair laws. As a pious son of Federalism, Webster went the full length of the required defense. .Readers will finish the book with a clear idea of the reason Webster's "Reply" became so influential in its own day. This, sir, is General Washingtons consolidation. I hold it to be a popular government, erected by the people; those who administer it responsible to the people; and itself capable of being amended and modified, just as the people may choose it should be. Consolidation, like the tariff, grates upon his ear. It is only by a strict adherence to the limitations imposed by the Constitution on the federal government, that this system works well, and can answer the great ends for which it was instituted. Sir, when the gentleman provokes me to such a conflict, I meet him at the threshold. It is to state, and to defend, what I conceive to be the true principles of the Constitution under which we are here assembled. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. He rose, the image of conscious mastery, after the dull preliminary business of the day was dispatched, and with a happy figurative allusion to the tossed mariner, as he called for a reading of the resolution from which the debate had so far drifted, lifted his audience at once to his level. The honorable gentleman from Massachusetts [Senator Daniel Webster] has gone out of his way to pass a high eulogium on the state of Ohio. What can I say? What started as a debate over the Tariff of Abominations soon morphed into debates over state and federal sovereignty and liberty and disunion. . The people of the United States have declared that this Constitution shall be the Supreme Law. Hayne began the debate by speaking out against a proposal by the northern states which suggested that the federal government should stop its surveyance of land west of the Mississippi and shift its focus to selling the land it had already surveyed. The debate was important because it laid out the arguments in favor of nationalism in the face of growing sectionalism. In January 1830, a debate on the nature of sovereignty in the American federal union occurred in the United States Senate between Senators Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Hayne of South Carolina. . I feel like its a lifeline. . The real significance of this debate was in each man's interpretation of the United States Constitution.