nervous tissue histology ppt nervous tissue histology ppt

Dendrites of Purkinje cells extend deep into the molecular layer, while the axons of Purkinje cells cross the granular layer and join other nerve fibers in the interior white matter of the cerebellum. They are separated into four categories: muscular, nervous, epithelial and connective. At a microscopic level, a nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and a series of tubules. DNA is condensed and coiled up into chromosomes. That single axon can branch repeatedly to communicate with many target cells. Vocal cords are housed in the larynx, formed by two folds of mucosa, each containing a supporting ligament (vocalis ligament) and a skeletal muscle (vocalis muscle). Slide of tissue is followed by slide of tissue with correct answer. The length of the axon between each gap, which is wrapped in myelin, is referred to as an axon segment. Neurons in the dorsal horn are essentially interneurons that project to other regions of the CNS (e.g., motor neurons in the spinal cord or sensory input to the brain), so they have much smaller overall volume and therefore much less metabolic demand compared to motor neurons which project to target muscles that may be more than a meter away. I love Histology! Other staining techniques such as Masson trichrome, alcian blue, reticulin stain and others are sometimes used to demonstrate specific tissue components not seen on a H&E stain. The skin is both a medium for interaction with the environment and a barrier, protecting us from outside microbes and chemicals, changes in temperature and dehydration. Ana 211 (Histology of Nervous tissue).pptx sunday godwin obaje Read Now Download Free PDF Related Papers Cancer Registry Report 2000 2002 Robina Greaves Download Free PDF View PDF Identification of OTX2 as a Medulloblastoma Oncogene Whose Product can be Targeted by All-Trans Retinoic Acid Timothy Parrett Download Free PDF View PDF Remember, this entire pathway is traveled by cells whose axons may be three feet long! The dendrites are projections that branch many times, forming small, tree-shaped structures protruding from the cell body that provide locations for other neurons to communicate with the cell body. True unipolar cells are only found in invertebrate animals, so the unipolar cells in humans are more appropriately called pseudo-unipolar cells. You may see small calcific bodies in part of the hippocampus, which occur as a normal part of the aging process. The central axons are so thin that they appear as purple dots in the middle of the lighter-colored circles of myelin. 49 Motor nerve cell - Ventral Horn of Rabbit Spinal Cord, MultipolarMotor Neuron Cell BodyView Virtual EM Slide Motor Neuron Cell Body. How about the fact that some cardiomyocytes have the ability to secrete hormones that regulate blood pressure? Neurons can also be classified on the basis of where they are found, who found them, what they do, or even what chemicals they use to communicate with each other. If you are a University of Michigan student enrolled in a histology course at the University of Michigan, please click on the following link and use your Kerberos-password for access to download lecture handouts and the other resources. (PWA), including the SecondLookHistology apps. This is why doctors must take extra caution when prescribing medication to these people. DiFiores atlas of histology with functional correlations. To visualize this dendritic tree, an osmium stain can be used. For Schwann cells, the outermost layer of the cell membrane contains cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cell as a bulge on one side of the myelin sheath. adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system). Histology is the science of the microscopic structure of cells, tissues and organs. However, the endothelial cells maintain these junctions in response to signals (via foot processes) from ASTROCYTES. Correct answer 4. Histology of the Nervous System Description: Histology of the Nervous System X-Section of Brain Tissue 4 1 2 3 1. The integumentary system consists of the skin and skin appendages. The ependymal cell is a glial cell that filters blood to make cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the fluid that circulates through the CNS. Germinal (spermatogenic) epithelium, with spermatogenic cells and nurse (sertoli) cells, forms the convoluted tubules, while small circular interstitial (Leydig) cells are found in the connective tissue between the tubules. The tissue is sectioned thinly enough so that light can pass through it. It is specialized tissue found in the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The lymphatic system consists of a network of vessels and lymphoid organs. It is related to both the circulatory system and the immune system. If the myelin sheath were drawn to scale, the neuron would have to be immensepossibly covering an entire wall of the room in which you are sitting. The first way to classify them is by the number of processes attached to the cell body. It consists of a few cells and an abundance of extracellular matrix. Oligodendrocytes (another type of glial cell) are responsible for the myelination of CNS axons. 2023 Different regions of the nervous system have distinct histological characteristics that make them easily recognizable, under the microscope. Get an overview of the different types of epithelial tissue: Connective tissue connects, separates and supports the body organs. Neurons are the cells considered to be the basis of nervous tissue. With the exception of the unipolar sensory ganglion cells, and the two specific bipolar cells mentioned above, all other neurons are multipolar. Deep to the gray matter of the cerebral cortex is the white matter that conveys myelinated fibers between different parts of the cortex and other regions of the CNS. Pyramidal cells and olfactory cells are two other examples of neurons named for these classifications which will be discussed later. Slides include types of epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle tissue and is ideal for an anatomy and physiology course. Human anatomy is pretty straightforward. Sertoli cells prevent the immune system from attacking and destroying the spermatozoa. Mesenchymal cells are undifferentiated cells, which means they are capable of differentiating into any type of connective tissue cells (fibroblasts, osteoblasts, adipocytes etc.). The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Lining ventricles of the brain, creating CSF. normal functioning and disorders of the nervous. There are more tissues on the website than you are responsible for. The name suggests that it has no axon (an- = without), but this is not accurate. Title: PowerPoint Presentation Author: Jennifer Ann Jost Last modified by: Jeff Keyte Created Date: 10/29/2003 10:25:53 PM Document presentation . There are many neurons in the nervous systema number in the trillions. Based on morphology, epithelial cells can be either squamous (flat), cuboid (cube) or columnar (rectangular). between a tract and a nerve? Axon diameters can be as small as 1 to 20 micrometers. One could say that the masters of the endocrine glands are the hypophysis (pituitary gland) and hypothalamus, since they regulate all other endocrine organs by way of homeostatic feedback mechanism. These include epithelial cells, fibroblasts, neutrophils, erythrocytes, keratinocytes, chondrocytes just to name a few. Anatomy & Physiology I Chapter 4. Myelin, however, is more than just the membrane of the glial cell. Organs work together in systems. They are responsible for the computation and communication that the nervous system provides. Lateral to this structure is the tail of the caudate. Four of them are found in the CNS and two are found in the PNS. The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. Neurons (Nerve cell bodies) 5 6 5. They can be classified as sensory or autonomic. Since tissues are normally colourless, applying a dye to the tissue section allows the cells and their components to be seen under a microscope. For now, focus just on the morphology of these regions and observe the presence of three distinct layers rather than the six layers found in the cerebral cortex (evolutionarily speaking, the three-layered organization is considered to be "older," so this type of cortex is also known as "archicortex" whereas the "newer" six-layered cerebral cortex is "neocortex"). The only freely mobile joints are synovial joints, in which adjacent joint surfaces are covered with hyaline cartilage, a soft type of cartilage rich in glycoproteins, proteoglycans and type II collagen. Diffuse lymphoid tissues and lymphatic nodules are non-encapsulated accumulations of lymphoid tissue found in locations such as the alimentary, respiratory and genitourinary tracts. Microglia are the cells in the CNS that can do this in normal, healthy tissue, and they are therefore also referred to as CNS-resident macrophages. I would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half. The sample on the slide below (Figure 7) was taken from the motor cortex, an area of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex that is involved in the conscious planning and execution of voluntary muscle movement. These cells have a single, long, nerve tract entering the bottom of the cell body. Kenhub. The other major glial cell type you should know about are microglia which are small cells derived from blood monocytes. Nevertheless, even if they cannot be easily seen, and one specific process is definitively the axon, these neurons have multiple processes and are therefore multipolar. Correct answer 1. The study of. They are highly specialized to transmit nerve impulses. Histology Complete and Basic Tissues. The cells here arepreganglionic sympathetic neurons whose axons terminate in either sympathetic chain ganglia or the "visceral" (or "pre-aortic") ganglia associated with the major branches of the abdominal aorta (e.g. thyroid, ovaries, suprarenal) and individual hormone-secreting cells found in many organs of the body (e.g. The relationship of these two types of glial cells to ganglia and nerves in the PNS is seen in Figure 5. The ventral spinal cord. It is composed of densely packed epithelial cells with only a little extracellular matrix (ECM). The product is the magnifying power of the objective (4x, 10x, 20x, 40x or 100x) multiplied by the power of the ocular lenses (10x). nervous tissue is derived from embryonic neuroectoderm The nervous system is divided anatomically into: Central Nervous System (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. Under light microscopy, skeletal and cardiac muscles appear striated due to the parallel arrangement of their contractile filaments into repeating units called sarcomeres. Based on the number of processes, neurons are classified into multipolar, bipolar and unipolar. It consists of neurons and supporting cells called neuroglia. Confusingly, structures within white and grey matter are referred to by different terms, depending on whether they are located in the CNS or the PNS. celiac, aorticorenal, and superior/inferior mesenteric ganglia). In addition to pyramidal cells, other nuclei seen in these sections may belong to other neurons or to glial cells also present in the cortex. The ECM contains different protein fibers (collagen, reticular, elastic) embedded in ground substance. What anatomical feature explains this phenomenon? dendritic) processes. Next, the tissue is embedded with paraffin wax, which firms the tissue enough permit thin slices. The kidneys clear waste products and control plasma pH, electrolytes and extracellular fluid volume. The predominant cells visible on the slide are called pyramidal cells (named for their triangular shape). 5 Nervous system The introductory part of the chapter is adapted from BC OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology book under the CC BY license. Figure 1, Figure 4, and Figure 5 show the myelin sheath surrounding an axon segment, but are not to scale. The most used tool today for examining cells, tissues and organs is optic (light) microscopy.